Space Weather
Space weather on TerraPulse is organized into six dexes covering the Sun-Earth environment. Every slot is an observed record — an ejection that was detected, a flare that was measured, a storm that was recorded at the ground. These are catalogs of what happened, not what a model expects. No forecasts.
The dexes
The data lives across six parallel dexes, so a study can pull exactly the population it needs. Counts are live and grow with every fetch:
| Dex | Holds | Records |
|---|---|---|
cme | Coronal mass ejections — billion-ton plasma clouds catalogued at eruption | 9,768 |
flare | Solar flares — electromagnetic bursts, C/M/X class | 3,268 |
gst | Geomagnetic storms — the Dst disturbance recorded when a storm reaches Earth | 1,152 |
sunspot_number | Yearly sunspot totals, one slot per year | 209 |
solar_wind | The solar-wind stream — speed, density, and magnetic field, as a continuous series | continuous |
solar_xray_flux | Whole-Sun soft X-ray flux, as a continuous series | continuous |
The event dexes total roughly 14,000 catalogued events; the solar-wind and X-ray feeds are continuous measured series rather than discrete slots.
Provenance
Every record carries a direct line back to the instrument or catalog that observed it:
- CME and flare events come from NASA DONKI, NASA's catalog of detected space-weather events.
- Geomagnetic storms (
gst) use the Dst geomagnetic index published by the World Data Center in Kyoto — the observed ring-current disturbance in nanotesla. - Solar wind is measured by DSCOVR, parked at the L1 point between the Sun and Earth.
- X-ray flux is measured by the GOES satellites' X-ray sensors.
- Sunspot numbers come from SILSO, the world reference count maintained in Brussels.
What's in a record
Depending on the dex, each slot carries:
- Time — detection or origin time, UTC
- Class / magnitude — CME speed in km/s, flare class, or storm Dst in nanotesla
- Solar-wind state — speed, density, and interplanetary magnetic field
- Source region — the active region or solar location, where reported
- Linked events — cross-references tying a flare to its CME to the resulting storm
Explored in
These dexes are the measured backbone of several TerraPulse investigations:
- The Bz–Dst Lead Time — how far ahead the solar wind's magnetic field warns of a storm
- Solar Watch: April 2026